The impact of a stroke can vary widely, affecting everything from movement and speech to memory loss. That's why it's important to act fast during a stroke. Recognizing the signs of a stroke and acting immediately might mean the difference between a full recovery, long-term disability or even life and death.
Learn stroke warning signs and how to recognize stroke so you're ready to jump into life-saving action.
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Risk Factors for Stroke
A stroke can happen to anyone, at any age. But it’s important to note that smoking and high blood pressure cause half of all strokes. Things that increase your risk of stroke include:
Tobacco use
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Diabetes
High cholesterol
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Being 65 or older
Signs of Stroke
The majority of stroke signs appear suddenly. Experts have come up with the "BE FAST" stroke acronym to help you spot symptoms of a stroke.
Here’s what to look for:
Balance. Assess if the person is dizzy, having trouble walking or standing.
Eyes. Ask the person if they can see clearly, or if they're experiencing blurred vision, seeing double or vision loss.
Face. Ask the person to smile. They may experience weakness or numbness on one side of the face, causing their face to droop.
Arm. Ask the person to raise both arms. They may not be able to or one arm may drift down.
Speech. Ask them to repeat a sentence. Their speech may be slurred or they may have difficulty speaking.
Time. If you see any of these signs, it's time to call 911 or seek emergency help.
Some individuals may experience early signs of stroke, such as headaches or even mini-strokes—which mimic sudden stroke symptoms but may only last a few minutes or hours.
The Stroke Beltis a nine-state region recognized by public health officials for having a higher rate of stroke. It includes Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee.
Types of Stroke and How They Are Treated
Stroke care at Emory Healthcare Stroke Center includes rapid diagnosis and treatment. Treatment for stroke can look different depending on the type of stroke and how much damage has occurred.
There are three main types of stroke:
Ischemic stroke:This is the most common type of stroke. It occurs when arteries that lead to the brain become blocked. Sometimes the blockages are caused by blood clots, called a thrombus.
After an ischemic stroke, patients may be given medicine to break up blood clots. Sometimes surgery to remove the blood clot, known as a thrombectomy, may be needed.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA): This is sometimes called a “mini-stroke” because blood flow to the brain is only impaired for a short amount of time — usually less than five minutes. TIAs still require immediate medical care and are typically a warning sign that another stroke will occur.
Emergency physicians will evaluate what caused the TIA and may prescribe medication to prevent future blood clots and/or perform a medical intervention to clear affected arteries.
Hemorrhagic stroke: These are the deadliest and most rare type of stroke. They occur when an artery breaks and leaks blood into the brain. The blood puts too much pressure on the surrounding brain tissue and damages the brain cells.
Treatment for hemorrhagic stroke focuses on stopping the bleeding and saving brain tissue. This might be achieved using medicine, surgery or a combination of medical procedures.
Rehabilitation is often needed as part of stroke recovery.
Preventing Strokes
Even people with multiple risk factors can work proactively to prevent stroke. The following healthy habits can help reduce risk:
Quitting smoking
Maintaining an ideal weight
Exercising regularly
Eating a healthy diet
Limiting alcohol
Managing stress
Reducing cholesterol
Once someone has had a stroke, however, their chances of experiencing another are significantly higher. Treating the underlying causes of stroke, including heart disease, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, high cholesterol and diabetes, is imperative.
Emory Stroke Center
Emory Healthcare's Stroke Care team makes sure you get the right care at every stage of treatment — from the first stroke symptom through recovery. Each emergency department has 24/7 neurology coverage and access to a multidisciplinary medical team to provide quality stroke care.
Brain health is critical to your quality of life.
Emory Brain Health Center
The brain is the center of all your thoughts, behavior and movement. That’s why brain health care at Emory Healthcare is transforming patient-centered care by bringing more than 400 experts subspecialized in every type of brain condition together. From stroke to brain tumors to epilepsy and psychiatric conditions—we can treat all diseases and conditions of the brain.
Our world-renowned center offers patients accurate diagnosis and custom treatment options to deliver lifesaving care. Unlike any other health care system in the country, we combine five brain health specialties: neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry & behavioral sciences, rehabilitation medicine, and sleep medicine under one roof.
With our creative partnerships between specialties, we're able to quickly diagnose conditions and develop treatment plans that change patients' lives. You can learn more about some of our team’s remarkable work in "Your Fantastic Mind," a PBS television series syndicated throughout the United States.
When Tiffany’s sister had a stroke, she found the best possible care for her at Emory Healthcare. Tiffany would need that care herself a few years later.
Emory researchers found that patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of unexplained stroke. Learn more, including stroke risk factors for COVID-19 patients.